Not sure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Not certain - Essay Example This depends on the way that it is the duty of pioneers to ensure and think about their subjects, inability to do as such, they cease from turning out to be pioneers. Laozi then again accepts on a careful methodology, demanding adopting a profound strategy in issues of administration inside a state (Raz, 91). Taking a gander at these various methodologies in their philosophical perspectives, this paper investigates their disparities, similitudes, and closes by taking a situation on which is the best type of Daoism. Laozi accepts that it is difficult to see, hear, feel or name the Dao. He accepts that Dao existed before the earth and paradise at any point became, and it is the establishment of all laws working under the sky, on earth, and among individuals. As indicated by Laozi, Dao is fair, and everybody is equivalent under it. It is the wellspring of everything, and it very well may be found anyplace under the earth, on earth, at the sky, even in the paradise (Raz, 31). On this pre mise hence, Dao is past word, portrayal or any structure. This contention upheld by Lao, is like the contention supported by Mencius. Mencius likens Dao, with predetermination. As indicated by Mencius, fate is inconspicuous, and common, and nobody can defy it, and succeed. To him, predetermination shapes the life of humankind, and it is not quite the same as destiny (Palmer, 31). Breaking down these slants intently, one would signify that predetermination, as indicated by Mencius existed before life, and it is a factor that shapes the life of humankind. These are comparable contentions taken by Laozi, and on this note, there philosophical contentions are comparative. Laozi and Mencius adopt an alternate strategy in distinguishing the attributes of human lives. They have various meanings of the perspective. For example, Laozi indicates that individuals who relate to Dao are not narrow minded, in light of the fact that they put their personal matters as the last choice. They are obliv ious and non-joined to the states of their lives (Palmer, 29). This individuals don't segregate any circumstance in their lives, and welcome anyone who needs to connect with them, without prejudicing or separating them. As indicated by Laozi, an individual has so a lot, however he doesn’t need overabundance (Palmer, 63). He simply needs what he can use for the occasion. Laozi indicates that every person are standard; in spite of this they are as yet significant and valuable. On this note, they should try to look for the Dao with enthusiasm and industriously. On this premise along these lines, people who relate to Dao will figure out how to live in harmony, in wellbeing, and in bliss. Mencius then again has faith in the class framework, and sorts individuals into respectable men, and standard individuals (Raz, 93). He indicates that normal individuals can be affected by material things, while respectable men can't be impacted by material things. Mencius accepts that for pionee rs to control, they should search for methods of fulfilling the material needs of individuals. By doing this, they won’t live in dread of wars, or deaths. Mencius accepts that an individual shouldn't be otherworldly so as to accomplish harmony, satisfaction, congruity and wellbeing. To him it involves great administration, and stable authority that is fixated on serving the individuals, and established on a solid family esteems and foundations. For example, Mencius accepts that the family is a unit that gauges the success and security of a state (Palmer, 28). To him, in the event that a family is substantially and physical fruitful, at that point the state will

The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond Essay Example

The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond Paper In this article I will analyze two pre-twentieth sonnets both about killings and their casualties. The first is a sonnet called The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond by Charles Causley. This is a genuine story of a high school young lady killed by her sweetheart after he discovered she had been having an illicit relationship. The second of the two sonnets is entitled The Laboratory by Robert Browning. This is of a comparable sort to the Charlotte Dymond sonnet yet much more scorn is felt in this one. Both the sonnets are old as in The Charlotte Dymond sonnet it notices of the young lady conveying shillings, which says it's anything but an ongoing sonnet, however more to the point, an open hanging happens, or so it infers, which firmly proposes it is an old sonnet. In The Laboratory there is an increasingly clear hint to propose it was old. All through the whole sonnet it utilizes words that no longer hold a spot in the English language now days. A case of certain words utilized in the sonnet as are this, seal, which is a kind of ring, pliest, which intends to apply and Thus which implies here. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on The Ballad of Charlotte Dymond explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer In the two sonnets the purpose behind the homicide to happen is totally associated with affection. In the Charlotte Dymond sonnet the affection felt for Charlotte by Matthew is so monstrous he is grief stricken to know about her issue, befuddled and upset he accepts he is helping her out and disposing of her transgression by taking her life. Matthew acknowledges what he has done and grasping Charlottes green cloth tissue shows he misses her and still truly adores her now she is unadulterated again of any wrong doing. In Charlottes case I dont know whether she adores Matthew the manner in which he cherishes her. She has had an illicit relationship yet perhaps didnt need to make him extremely upset by revealing to him she was enamored with another person. I imagine that Charlotte holds the force in this sonnet. My explanations behind accepting this is on the grounds that in spite of the fact that she may have been dead, she is as yet the one that controlled what Matthew felt and she was as yet the one Matthew venerated and loved. In an odd manner Matthew adored her and venerated her so much that that was on the grounds that he did it. The author accomplishes something astute in the sonnet to do with who holds the force. He causes it to appear as though Matthew himself has no force himself in the sonnet. This may run over extremely unusual as he is the homicide yet actually the force he holds in the assault, is all in the razor. The essayist gives the razor its very own existence, giving the feeling that Matthew isn't doing anything incorrectly; it is the razor doing the wrongdoing. He does this in the line Where all around the razor, had composed its red name. In The Laboratory the killer has no sentiments of affection towards her casualties. I state casualties on the grounds that not exclusively is the casualty the one going to be killed yet in addition the lord, as she needs to see him furious and enduring by watching his adored one bite the dust. I think in this sonnet the homicide is all down to her needing the force by being with the ruler. On the off chance that she is simply the rulers spouse she sees as been rich and well off with a great deal of regard and influence. Additionally the sentiments of contempt felt by the killer may have been incited by the absence of regard appeared to her by the ruler and his sweetheart. They think she is crying in a congregation and appealing to God for them, so all things being equal figures she will refute them by accomplishing something different, something they wont anticipate. The force in this sonnet is for the most part in the killer as she is the one with the weapon, and dissimilar to in the other sonnet doesn't feel the slightest bit sorry for her casualty. The killings in these sonnets are altogether different in their technique. In The Charlotte Dymond sonnet, Matthew cuts her throat with a razor and afterward squashes her chest with a stone. I would envision that this kind of a homicide would have been extremely speedy however while in kept going, excruciating in fact. The activity of pounding her chest gives me the feeling that Matthew was attempting to pulverize her heart, cause he felt she had squashed his. This kind of a homicide was put across by the artist as a brutal and bleeding murder. He makes this picture by utilizing the words flood and blood together. It resembles you can see her suffocating in her own puddle of blood.

Vincent Van Gogh Essay -- Essays Papers

Vincent Van Gogh The individuals, harking back to the nineteenth century truly didn’t acknowledge Van Gaogh’s honest and genuinely dreary method of communicating the method of workmanship is to himself. It at last was viewed as craftsmanship through the people’s eyes. This set a phase of workmanship that is presently known as Expressionism. It is best described by the utilization of images and a style that communicates the artist’s internal sentiments about his subject. His style of painting is exemplified by a projection of the painter’s inward experience onto the canvas he paints on. Van Gogh’s artworks are finished with his sentiments that goes on in his life. (Imprint Harden’s Artchive) In Vincent’s own words he stated, What lives in workmanship and is endlessly living, is as a matter of first importance the painter, and afterward the canvas. (Mark Harden’s Artchive) Many individuals believe that Van Gogh’s life had a great deal of disappointment and that’s why his works of art are about his emotions, however his encounters exhibit organic and mental variation from the norm, causing practices that distanced people around him. He began to get secluded from the general public, by chipping away at his artistic creations constantly. He started to utilize all his vitality and all the upheaval into his artworks. This made him be systematized, because of taking a shot at his works of art constantly and that's it. It turned out to be not kidding to the point that he ended it all by shooting himself at 37 years old. (Shearer West) During his short life, he just sold one of his fine arts. He sold it four months before his passing and sold it for 400 francs, It was titled The Red Vineyard, despite the fact that he delivered such huge numbers of magnum opuses that will go ever. Most craftsmanship darlings consider Van To be as a grieved individual, however a fruitful craftsman. This is a long way from the real truth of his fierce life, which was full of disappointment in each word related interest he endeavored, including painting and was set apart by irregular scenes of wretchedness, savagery, and out going practices. ( Encyclopedia of Arts †Mark Harden’s Artchive) They have about finished t he understanding the sentiments, encounters, and perspectives Van Gogh had, by the notes that were safeguarded that he sent to his loved ones, particularly the all the ones sent to his sibling Theo. Imprint Harden’s Artchive) Before Vincent turned into a painter, he was a Protestant pastor and a workmanship seller. He fizzled at both of these and afterward began to examine craftsmanship world. His... ...ure. That’s it to the extent I'm concerned†¦ I feel this is the predetermination that I acknowledge, that will never show signs of change. (Mark Harden’s Artchive) One of the last works of art Van Gogh did was Wheat Field With Crows. There's foreboding shadows out of sight that appear to be miserable and burdensome. Clinician state that Van Gogh may have had polar turmoil, which implies hyper wretchedness. On July 27, 1890 Vincent killed himself with a discharge to the chest and afterward a half year later Theo kicked the bucket of lung infection. (Reference book of Arts) Van Gogh is viewed as one of the most impressive Expressionist. His works of art sell for many dollars today despite the fact that he just sold one during his lifetime. (Explorer) WORK CITED Vincent Van Gogh. Mark Harden's Artchive http://www.artchive.com/artchive/ftptoc/vangogh/vangogh_bio.html (7 April 99) Van Gogh: Starry Night. Voyager http://voyager.learntech.com/cdrom/cataologpage.cgi?starrynight (7 April 99) Vincent Van Gogh. Encyclopedia.com http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/13346.html (7 April 99) The Bulfinch Guide to Art History. Shearer West Ref 700.9 B871gu page 475 Reference book of the Arts. Ref 703 En19 1966 pg 348

Compare and contrast two different writing styles free essay sample

Diary Four For Journal Four I am going to utilize Katherine O. Seelyes offensive Numbers on Glossy Pages! (Magazines abuse what sells) and Peter Stiglins Seeing as accepting: The Paintings of Judith Belzer. I am going to thoroughly analyze the perspectives and composing styles of these two readings. Katharine discusses the superstar magazines and different magazines read by the more youthful ages. Her article includes the impact of these magazines on normal individuals. She discusses how the editors are in steady quest for some new ossip and different stories identified with superstars or something which may be intriguing for the peruser. She additionally utilized statements by various individuals in her article. Subside Stiglin then again discusses works of art. He talks all the more insightfully. He began his exposition with a statement by John Berger, We just observe what we take a gander at. To look is a demonstration of decision. We will compose a custom exposition test on Investigate two distinctive composing styles or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He didn't utilize any statements, he rather clarified and depicted the excellence of the work of art. Both the articles talk about our advantage. Katherine discusses the marvelousness and promotion the customary individuals are keen on; and Peter discusses the excellence and the story behind the artwork wherein a typical individual would be keen on. The style of composing is diverse in both the articles. Katherine utilizes meetings of various individuals and clarifies their considerations, Peter discusses his feeling and the manner in which he takes a gander at the work of art. Toward the end both the articles are fascinating to peruse, contingent upon the data the peruser is searching for. Look into two changed composing styles free paper test O. Jellys startling Numbers on Glossy Pages! (Magazines abuse what sells) and Peter Stalins Seeing as accepting: The Paintings of Judith Belier. I am going to investigate the perspectives and composing styles of these two readings. Katharine discusses the big name magazines and different magazines read by the more youthful ages. Her article includes the impact of these magazines on common people.She discusses how the editors are in consistent quest for some new tattle and different stories identified with superstars or something which may be intriguing for the peruser. She likewise utilized statements by various individuals in her article. Diminish Stilling then again discusses compositions. He talks all the more insightfully. He began his article with a statement by John Berger, We just observe what we take a gander at. To look is a demonstration of decision. He didn't utilize any statements, he rather clarified and portrayed the excellence of the work of art. We will compose a custom article test on Look into two changed composing styles or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Both the articles talk about our advantage. Katherine discusses the marvelousness and promotion the standard individuals are keen on; and Peter discusses the excellence and the story behind the canvas wherein a typical individual would be Interested In. The style of composing is distinctive in both the articles. Katherine utilizes Interviews of various individuals and clarifies their considerations, Peter discusses his feeling and the manner in which he takes a gander at the composition. Toward the end both the articles are Interesting to peruse, contingent upon the Information the peruser Is searching for.

The Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI)

The Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) Depression Childhood Depression Print The Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI) Benefits and Limitations of the CDI By Lauren DiMaria linkedin Lauren DiMaria is a member of the Society of Clinical Research Associates and childhood psychology expert. Learn about our editorial policy Lauren DiMaria Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 03, 2020 Morsa Images / DigitalVision / Getty Images More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Administration Reliability Interpretation   Limitations What Happens Next? View All Back To Top If your child has been diagnosed with depression or will be evaluated for depression, you may have heard of the Childrens Depression Inventory (CDI). The CDI is a tool that mental health professionals use to measure the cognitive, affective, and behavioral signs of depression in children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17.   The CDI is used to scale the  severity of depressive symptoms in children. It also discriminates between major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in children and helps practitioners distinguish between these disorders and other psychiatric conditions.   Overview The CDI was developed by Maria Kovacs in order to more easily diagnose depression in children. While depression is often thought of as an adult disorder, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that 4.9% of children between the ages of 6 and 17 have been diagnosed with depression.?? The CDI is a self-report assessment written at a first-grade reading level, which means that your child will be given the paper and pencil assessment to complete by themselves. Other self-report assessments for identifying depression in children include the  Beck Depression Inventory  (BDI) and the Weinberg Screening Affective Scale (WSAS).   The CDI has two forms: The original 27-item version, and the 10-item short-form version, which takes between 5 and 15 minutes for the child to complete. The CDI is designed to detect symptoms of depression and to distinguish between depression and other psychiatric disorders. It can also be used as an instrument to monitor changes in depression symptoms over time. The short form of the test is generally used as a screening tool, while the long-form is used more often in the diagnosis of depression in children. What You Should Know About Childhood Depression Administration Each item in the CDI has three statements, and the child is asked to select the one answer that best describes their feelings over the past two weeks. There are five subscales within the assessment that measure different components of depression: Anhedonia (inability or decreased ability to experience joy)Negative self-esteem (the belief that you are not good at anything)Ineffectiveness (lack of motivation or inability to complete tasks)Interpersonal problems (difficulty making and keeping close relationships)Negative mood (irritability or anger) The CDI is popular in part because it is easy to administer and score. A child with age-appropriate reading abilities can complete the scale relatively quickly. Reliability The CDI has excellent psychometric properties, which means that it measures depression in children accurately and reliably when used properly. Some research indicates, however, that the test is not appropriate for children who have reading difficulties.  The CDI was tested on a large group that represents the population of children in the United States. Research has also shown that the CDI (both the full version and short version) is a valid instrument when used for screening for depression in pediatric settings.?? However, doctors working in pediatric care are advised to follow up with diagnostic assessments to rule out potential false positives.   Interpretation   Only a professional trained on the properties of the CDI can accurately interpret the results. A raw score on the test is essentially meaningless without a professionals interpretation, so parents should always discuss the meaning of the results with the professional who evaluated the child. While the CDI is good at detecting the presence of depressive symptoms, it is not the best at determining their severity. You should discuss follow-up assessments with your childs doctor to determine the best course of treatment for your child. Milder symptoms may respond well to support and self-care, while more moderate to severe symptoms may require other treatments such as medications or psychotherapy. Limitations Like other self-report assessments used in children, the CDI is vulnerable to certain limitations. For example, because children dont have the same sophistication as adults related to understanding and reporting their emotions, their responses may not reflect their true emotional state. In addition, children may be more likely than adults to attempt to give what they believe to be the desired answers rather than answers that represent their true feelings. Some researchers have also observed that children who do not have age-appropriate reading skills may receive an inaccurate  diagnosis on the basis of their CDI score. What Happens Next? The CDI is a quick and painless depression assessment for your child. While any type of test is sure to make a child nervous, you can assure your child that there are no right or wrong answers. Depressive symptoms tend to fluctuate in both children and adults. Therefore, the tests author recommends retesting any child who receives a positive score on the CDI two to four weeks after the initial test. In addition, a child who receives a positive score on the CDI should be referred for a comprehensive  evaluation by a licensed mental health professional.   If you are concerned about depression in your child, it is important to consult with your childs pediatrician or other mental health professional. It is important that childhood depression is treated quickly. How to Spot Depression in a Child

Engineering Lab Report Assignment Reactions of Copper - 550 Words

Engineering Lab Report Assignment: Reactions of Copper (Essay Sample) Content: Lab Report: Reaction of CopperNameInstitutional AffiliationIntroductionCopper is a chemical element naturally reddish-brown. Apart from being a good conductor or electricity, the element is found in group two of the periodic table. It is found as a mineral of many mineral forms such as cuprite, bornite, azurite, and chalcocite. Copper also occurs in plants and animals. The commercial production of copper occurs through smelting as it is extracted from its natural ores. The element is highly reactive to oxidizing acids such as nitric acid as we shall see later in the experiment. Some properties of copper include having an atomic number of 29, valence of 1 and 2, and atomic weight of 63.546.PurposeThe purpose the experiment is to observe various properties of copper and how it reacts with various components. It aims at cycling solid copper through a series of chemical forms via phase reactionsLearn about different types of solvent reactionsCalculate percentage concentra tion of copper.Experiment 1ProcedureThe first experiment involved the reaction of copper and concentrated nitric acid. 0.5g of copper was weighed and placed in a 250ml beaker. 5.0ml of concentrated nitric acid was then added. The nitric acid was poured until it covered the copper metals. The copper was allowed to dissolve.ObservationThe colorless conc. Nitric acid is poured on the brown copper metals. A reddish brown gas is produced.4HNO3(l) + Cu(s) =Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 2NO2(g) + 2H2O(l)DiscussionThe Colorless liquid is the concentrated nitric acid. The gas produced is the Nitrogen (IV) Oxide. The solution formed is copper (II) nitrate. The rationale behind the reaction is that concentrated nitric acid is a strong oxidizing agent. The experiment demonstrated the oxidization of Cu (s) to Cu+2 (aq). Experiment 2ProcedureThe next procedure was to add 20ml 6M NaOH onto the sample from experiment 1 above. ObservationThere is the production of a light blue precipitate EquationCU(NO3)2(aq) + 2N aOH(aq) = Cu(OH)2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)DiscussionThe light blue precipitate is the copper (II) hydroxide. The compound does not dissolve in water, for that reason, it...

A Comparison Of Writings By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick...

A Comparison of Writings by Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass In this paper I will compare the writings of Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass. I will touch on their genre, purpose, content, and style. Both authors were born into slavery. Both escaped to freedom and fought to bring an end to slavery, each in their own way. Both Jacobs and Douglass have a different purpose for their writings. Harriet Jacobs and Frederick Douglass were both slaves that wrote about their struggles and pain during their years of slavery. Both stories were the same but also very different. Both Jacobs and Douglass were born into slavery. The stories were written by authors that finally gained their freedom from slavery. Jacob’s wrote â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and Frederick Douglass wrote, â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave†. Jacob’s wrote it in a woman point of view and gave us a look at how the women that wer e slaves experienced life; whereas Douglass wrote as a male slave and the brutality. â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave† by Harriet Jacobs is an autobiographical narrative. It gives us a look inside in how the lives of slave women were, the troubles they faced and how they met them, especially the sexual abuses they suffered by their masters. She tells us how her master had the â€Å"right† to impregnate the slave and then that child would have to follow in its mother’s life as a slave. It took a lot of courage to standShow MoreRelatedJacobs Douglass: An Insight Into The Experience of The American Slave1019 Words   |  5 Pagesslave narrative of Frederick Douglas and Harriet Jacobs: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl themes come from the existence of the slaves morality that they are forced compromise to live. Both narrators show slave narratives in the point of view of both men and women slaves that had to deal with physical, mental, and moral abus e during the times of slavery. (Lee 44) Violence was almost an everyday occupancy in the life of a slave, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs had to accept thatRead MoreLiterary Analysis: Slave Narratives Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesresilience and ingenuity. Frederick Douglass’s and Harriet Jacobs’s narratives both focused on self-made individuals who experienced upward mobility through their own efforts and hard work, therefore partaking in the positive redefining of African Americans. The writing methods of each differed in the style in which they presented their narratives where Douglass took on a sermonic style and Jacobs employed the â€Å"sentimental novel† (Alonzo 119) formula. While Douglass presented the sufferings ofRead MoreFrederick Douglass And Harriet Jacobs Essay1765 Words   |  8 Pageswho tackle this painful topic are Frederick Douglass and Harriet Jacobs. Both Douglass and Jacobs provide deep insights into the life of slavery by recounting their actual experiences. These autobiographies possess great power, though they are by no means carbon copies of each other. There are more familial elements in Harriet’s account than Douglass’s, providing a more complex view in Harriet’s c ase. In addition, while both slaves clash with their masters, Douglass relies on more straightforward tacticsRead More Interpretations of Slavery Essay3734 Words   |  15 Pagesand influential of whom were Black writers because many were able to give a personal perspective on slavery. These Black writers had to struggle to be accepted as literary writers before they could get their message across. The tradition of black writing in the United States is, in many ways, a history of attempts at literary liberation from racism-attempts to articulate in a specifically black context the characteristic American themes of freedom and self-determination (Britannica 70). Lucy TerryRead MoreThe Life Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs1292 Words   |  6 Pageson two texts: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. In the personal narrative Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl, author Harriet Jacobs depicts the various struggles she endured in the course of her life as a young female slave and, as she grew older, a runaway escaped to the â€Å"free† land of the North, referring to herself as Linda Brent. Throughout this story, Jacobs places a heavy emphasis on the ways in which Brent and other women were personallyRead MoreThe Humiliating Nature of Enslavement, Sexual Savage Exploitation, and Degradation in Autobiographical Narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe humiliating nature of enslavement, sexual savage exploitation, and degradation in autobiographical narratives of Frederick Douglass and Harriet Ann Jacobs In the age of Romanticism, slavery and the slave trade provoked sharp criticism and controversy and played a very significant role in shaping public opinion and causing moral opposition to injustice and tyranny. Since Columbus’s journey opened the doors of the Atlantic passage to African Slave Trade, slavery became man’s greatest inhumanityRead MoreHow Personal Values And Beliefs Influenced The Black American Slave Narrative1572 Words   |  7 PagesHow Personal Values and Beliefs Influenced the Black American Slave Narrative: â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† and Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass† Compared. Throughout the abolition movement, both men and women slaves were trying to escape from slavery, and find their way to freedom in the North. Many of wrote their stories down. Some with the aid of ghost writers, and often under pseudonyms to protect their safety. These slave narratives spoke of the sufferings of the slaveRead More Interracial Figures of the American Renaissance Essay2691 Words   |  11 Pagesof the Mohicans, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Ann Jacobs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The American Renaissance marks a period of social injustice and the fight of the minority to bring about social change. Women and African-Americans (who were freed or escaped from slavery) begin to gain a voice through literacy, and use that voice to start the movement to abolish slavery and gain women rights. The development of literacy makes it impossible to ignore women and African-Americans because their writing provides a permanentRead MoreFreedom Is Never Equal By Harriet Jacobs2085 Words   |  9 Pagesthere were various different perceptions of freedom. Two examples of this are Harriet Jacobs, a female slave from North Carolina who eventually runs away to the North and Frederick Douglass, a Maryland slave who escapes and becomes a leading abolitionist. To document their lives, both would go on to write autobiographies, with Douglass penning Narrative on the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave and Jacobs writing Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl under the name Linda Brent. Each books

Circumference of a Circle

Socio Demographic Profile And Nutritional Status Of...

Branch of study : SOCIAL SCIENCE Title : SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HEARING IMPAIRED (DEAF) ADOLESCENTS Abstract Health status of a population is a significant indicator of human development. Like mortality, disability being a potential measure of health status of population has not received much attention in research particularly in the developing countries. Hearing impairment refers to both complete and partial loss of the ability to hear and research in the area of the health and nutritional status of such a population remains largely unexplored in India. A school for the hearing impaired adolescent boys girls in the age group of 10-19 years was chosen as the site for the study.101hearing impaired subjects who were in the age group10-19 years were enrolled for the study. A pre tested questionnaire was filled by the researcher in coordination with a sign language interpreter to elicit background information and socio-demographic status. For anthropometric measurements their heights and weights were taken. For hemoglobin estimations,5ml sample of venous blood was obta ined from each subject for laboratory analysis. The subjects who were deaf by birth were 84.2% and the rest were due to accident. Stunting was more in the early adolescents in case of boys but in girls it was higher in mid adolescents. The girls who were undernourished was 57.14% among them severe under nutrition was seen in the midShow MoreRelatedSocio Demographic Profile And Nutritional Status Of Hearing Impaired2148 Words   |  9 Pages SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HEARING IMPAIRED (DEAF) ADOLESCENTS Abstract Background: Health status of a population is a significant indicator of human development. Like mortality, disability being a potential measure of health status of population has not received much attention in research particularly in the developing countries. Hearing impairment refers to both complete and partial loss of the ability to hear and research in the area of the health and nutritionalRead MoreAdvancing Effective Communicationcommunication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care Quality Safety Equity53293 Words   |  214 Pages.................................17 Address patient communication needs during treatment ............................................................................................................19 Monitor changes in the patient’s communication status ..............................................................................................................19 Involve patients and families in the care proces s ...................................................................................Read MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pages441 441 CASE STUDIES A summary of the case analysis I N T R O D U C T I O N Preparing an effective case analysis: The full story Hearing with the aid of implanted technology: The case of Cochlearâ„ ¢ – an Australian C A S E O N E high-technology leader Delta Faucet: Global entrepreneurship in an emerging market C A S E T W O DaimlerChrysler: Corporate governance dynamics in a global company C A S E T H R E E Gunns and the greens: Governance issues in Tasmania C A S E F O U R Succeeding in theRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesgiant News Corporation – corporate logic and corporate management in a worldwide media business. CRH – impressive international growth of an Irish company driven from a ‘lean’ corporate centre. Numico – difficulties with diversification for a Dutch nutritional products company. AIB – competing in the global banking industry: the challenges for a mid-size bank. SABMiller – an African bre wer takes on the world: learning to thrive in difficult circumstances. MacPac – from a New Zealand start-up to internationalisationRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 Pageswant to become professional athletes?† The resulting data are shown in the following table: Response Frequency Like sports Easy life Don’t need an education Other 27 24 19 19 Construct a bar chart to display these data. 1.29 ââ€"  The paper â€Å"Proï ¬ le of Sport / Leisure Injuries Treated at Emergency Rooms of Urban Hospitals† (Canadian Journal of Sports Science [1991]: 99–102) classiï ¬ ed noncontact sports injuries by sport, resulting in the following table: Sport Number of Sport Injuries Fame

Account for the Variables Which Precipetated the Collapse...

TERM PAPER TOPIC: ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIABLES WHICH PRECIPETATED THE COLLAPSE OF THE FIRST REPUBLIC (1960 - 1966) EVALUATE THE PRESENCE OF THOSE VARIABLES IN THE PRESENT DEMOCRATIC DISPENSATION AND STATE THE CONSEQUENCES WRITTEN BY MKPA, PRINCE IYANAM PRGM: M.Sc PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REG NO. 10/PG/SS/PA/001 DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF UYO SUBMITTED TO DR. FRAK, O. E. COURSE LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION UNIVERSITY OF UYO, UYO. IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE COURSE REQUIREMENT: NIGERIA GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS (POL 618)†¦show more content†¦It refers to the horizontal relationship that exist among the various sub-ethnic nationalities. It is the ability of a people to break their diverse ethnic walls and accommodate one another. Agi (1991) sees it as the process of creating unity and a sense of belonging among heterogeneous groups in a state, involving attempts at integrating the various groups in other to build a nation out of a state. In other words, it recognizes the right of other members of a state to share from a common history resources, values and other aspect of the state which buttressed their sense of belonging to one political community. State building: Briefly, it’s the development of a more centralized rule. It is the ability of the political centre to penetrate the periphery in other to make its presence felt and to maximize political authority (Agi, 1999). While nation-building has to do with horizontal relationship, state building deals with vertical relationship. The process allows political authority and influence to flow from the top or central government down to the various regions while the regions accept and recognizes such authority. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK In an attempt to analyze and also understand the political set up of the first republic and the precipitating variables that eventually led to its collapse, the theory of prebendalism or prebendal politics will serve as a guide. The theory of prebendalism is said to be associated with the works of the German scholar and

Revealing Trans Fat Summary Free Essays

Revealing Trans Fats Informative Abstract Trans fats are fats resulting from the process a product undergoes in adding hydrogen to vegetable oil by turning liquid oils into solid fats and based on evidence supported, if consumed it would increase the risk of coronary heart disease and promote bad cholesterol at an high rate especially among Americans; it is therefore one of the leading causes of death in the United States. As a precautionary measure to counter this mass effect of trans fat the Food and Drug Administration required that saturated and dietary fat such as Trans fats facts be listed on food labels, which would provide information in choosing food that would help reduce coronary heart diseases. Fats are considered to be the major source of energy for the body and an aid in the absorption of vitamins in the body; fats also provide taste, consistency and stability and help you feel full. We will write a custom essay sample on Revealing Trans Fat Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now Unsaturated fats on the other hand are beneficial when consumed in moderation while on the other hand saturated and trans fat are not. Saturated and trans fat raises bad cholesterol and may contribute to heart disease. Health experts advised that the intake of saturated fats, trans fat and cholesterol should be kept at a minimum while still maintaining a healthy diet but should not be removed from the diet completely. It was further reinforced that consumers should pay keen attention to nutritional facts on products to keep track of their intake of these fats. A general rule in choosing foods based on the facts on the label is that consumers should try to ensure that a low of 5% or less saturated fats and trans fats are in the products as to maintain an heart healthy diet while on the other hand, a high of 20% or more, would therefore be a risk to their healthy. To conclude depending on whether the consumer’s favorable food are high in saturated fat or cholesterol they can always compensate with foods that are low in saturated fat and cholesterol at different intervals. Descriptive Abstract This article on revealing trans fats produced some interesting supporting facts where saturated fat, trans fat and dietary cholesterol are concerned. Based on the scientific evidence provided; saturated fat, trans fat and dietary cholesterol raises low-density lipoprotein (LDL), which increases the chance of having coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute of National Institutes of Health, more than 12. 5 million Americans have CHD, and more than 500,000 die each year. Trans fats are generated as manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil, which is called hydrogenation. This increases the shelf life and flavor permanence of foods containing these fats, which can be food in vegetable shortenings, some margarines, crackers, cookies, snack foods etc. All fats however are not considered the same as fat is major source of energy for the body and aids in the adsorption of vitamins A, D, E and K and carotenoids, fat is therefore important for the proper growth, development, and maintenance of good health. Unsaturated fats on the other hand are beneficial when consumed in moderation, while saturated and trans are not because they raise LDL levels in the blood. It is therefore recommended that consumers should choose foods that are low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol as part of a healthful diet. To proper monitor the amount of saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol intake, it’s postulated that looking at the nutrition facts panel would provide facts regarding the amount of fats present in products, where as choosing products with a low of 5% or less of saturated fats, trans fat and cholesterol would prove to be more healthy choice rather than other products with an higher rate of fats present. How to cite Revealing Trans Fat Summary, Papers

CERA of Human Resource Management

Question: Discuss about the CERA of Human Resource Management. Answer: Introduction: DE Vos and Cambre (2016) depicts that employee are the most crucial part of the organization and in order to attain greater profitability and productivity development programs must have to be evaluated. Law (2013) furthermore portrays that the first step is to consider the business goals and then finalizes the appropriate skills and knowledge the employee required to attain the goals. Furthermore, an effective career management plan has to be carried out so that the skills can be enhanced for achieving innovative ideas. Civil Engineering Research Association (CERA) has research scholar rather than employees and they are liable to formulate innovative ways for building infrastructures, roads, bridges and airports. These infrastructures must have to comply with all the government and environmental policies of the nation. The following section comprises of the measures to evaluate employee development progress. Career management: DE Vos and Cambre (2016) explained that career management provides a direction to the employee of an organization to proceed with a certain goal. It comprises of four steps- self-assessment, reality check, goal setting and action planning. In this context, Marsden et al. (2013) depict that an organization has to collect information about their employees and then formulate career option depending on the skills and ability of the employee. Berk (2015) portrays that several psychological tests can analyze their personality traits and business skills. Moreover, reality check ensures the strength and weakness of an employee that can be used for the organizations benefits. It is also evident that the career development management is not same for all employees and it should be based on the educational qualification of the employee (Berk, 2015). Thus, it can be said that for an effective career management, CERA has to be customized these programs for each individual. Final ly, in the context of action planning, industries and companies must determine the goals they want to attain through their business procedure. Williams (2013) depicts that in these management programs, employees are allowed to formulate short-term and long-term goals (Marsden et al., 2013). Moreover, there training plays a crucial role as it ensures the progress and the most effective strategy is to bring in a professional trainer to conduct formal training on the new techniques of the civil engineering (Ozer Vogel, 2015). Mowday et al. (2013) moreover suggest that e-learning activities should also be implemented so that civil research scholar can utilize the technology-based learning programs and communicate with their trainer anywhere. Sarne and Goldsmith (2013) on the other hand depict that implementation of this technology also improves the communication among the scholars and their trainers. Thus, the technology and the interpersonal relationships can be achieved through these training programs. Smither et al. (2016) moreover depict that informal learning is also a powerful approach for encouraging the employee to keep them associating with the organization. CERA can also utilize OODA learning process for implementing informal learning that comprises of four steps - observe, orientation, the decision for the formulation of the effective learning environment and then finally take actions for implementing desired environment (Bednall et al., 2014). In the context of the first step, managing authorities of CERA shouldscan the environment in order to gather information whether the scholars can learn effectively (Doms.csu.edu.au, 2017). Furthermore, synthesizing the data and information during the observation has to be evaluated. Managers of CERA also take feedback regularly from the scholar so that knowledge can be gathered whether the implemented system is beneficial for them and then carry out the conceived decision (Doms.csu.edu.au, 2017). CERA should cycle through the four action stepsso that effective employee development progress can be analyzed and improvised. Moreover, the contemporary organization emphasizes on employee motivation so that they can get extra financial and non-financial benefits for achieving their goals. Lazaroiu (2015) suggested that employees desire to be recognized and hence organization should take appropriate steps. Thus, CERA can highlight the strength and weakness of the research scholar and formulate short-term and long-term goals according to their competencies. The trainer should be allowed to evaluate the skills and competencies regularly to monitor their job performance and problem-solving technology (Griffin, 2013). Additionally, these evaluations will help CERA to provide challenging roles and responsibility based on the skills of efficient employees and in this way the concerned organization can also motivate their employee to perform well in future. Reference List Bednall, T., Sanders, K., Runhaar, P. (2014). Stimulating Informal Learning Activities Through Perceptions of Performance Appraisal Quality and Human Resource Management System Strength: A Two-Wave Study. Academy Of Management Learning Education, 13(1), 45-61.doi:10.5465/amle.2012.0162 Berk, B. A. (2015). A 7-Step Career Checkup: These Questions Will Help Determine If You Are Still on Track to Obtain That Dream Job.Journal of Accountancy,219(4), 103. DE Vos, A. N. S., Cambre, B. (2016). Career Management in High?Performing Organizations: A Set?Theoretic Approach.Human Resource Management. Doms.csu.edu.au. (2017). Welcome | EQUELLA, fromhttps://doms.csu.edu.au/csu/file/677decc2-6646-404b-8e59-8920a739d262/1/CERA%20.zip/CERA%20/index.html (Retrieved 11 January 2017) Griffin, R. W. (2013).Fundamentals of management. Cengage Learning. Law, B. (2013). Career management: Place, space and social enclaves.Journal of the National Institute for Career Education and Counselling,31(1), 3-8. Lazaroiu, G. (2015). Employee Motivation and Job Performance.Linguistic and Philosophical Investigations, (14), pp.97-102. Marsden, P., Caffrey, M., McCaffery, J. (2013). Human Resources Management Assessment Approach.Capacity Plus. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013).Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press. Ozer, M., Vogel, D. (2015). Contextualized Relationship Between Knowledge Sharing and Performance in Software Development. Journal Of Management Information Systems, 32(2), 134-161. Sarne, L., Goldsmith, D. S. (2013). GAO Mentors Build Relationships, Cultivate Talent, Make a Difference. Public Manager, 42(4), 16-19. Shepherd, D., Woods, C. Marchisio, G. (2013). Combat hardened strategy: Doing the OODA loop.University of Auckland Business Review,16(1), p.48. Smither, R., Houston, J., McIntire, S. (2016). Organization development: Strategies for changing environments. Routledge. Williams, C. (2013).Principles of management. South-Western/Cengage Learning.

Collaboration in Combating Environmental †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Collaboration in Combating Environmental. Answer: Introduction: Technology and environment are one of the important aspects of the society which are influenced by a number of factors in the society. The globalization of the modern world economy has made it easier for the different parts of the world to spread the technology and the issues related to it. In due time it has become possible for the different people and the society to understand the change in the society due to technology. the technological advancements have caused a great harm to the technology in the long run all the while devising new and better measures to address the problems affecting the environment, giving rise to situation known as the technology-environment paradox management (Narula, 2014). In this context one should also pay heed to the green crime in the society affecting the environment. the green crime is the term explaining the different aspects of the harm done to the environment because of human actions. In the essay the various philosophies relating to the technolo gy environment paradox are also analyzed. The green crime is one of the major issues in the society with the advent and the acceptance of technology as one of the major asset as assisting the growth in the society (Stanley, 2018). the technology environment paradox is one of the major issues that must be assisted by the different factors affecting the technological interventions in the society. The different sociological factors leading to the acceptance of the technology in the normal lives of the people is leading to an issue of causing a number of different environmental problems in the society. Despite the different factors affecting the green crime in the society technology is also used in the modern society to re-establish the ecological balance in the society (Cheng-xiao, 2006). The rising pollution is one of the major issues which is the result of the different technological innovations and the advancements in the modern society. In this context the different technological innovations used in the reestablishment of t he ecological balance by aiding the environment is to be considered. The technology environment paradox is very interrelated to each other and the different aspects of the paradox helps in the mitigating the effects of the green crime in the society. The technology is used to invent a number of things which are not good for the environment and its development such as plastic and then the pollution is mitigated by using a better developed technology to make this product recyclable and use it for the overall sustainable development of the society. one of the most important ways the green crime and the technological innovations can be co-related is the mining industry. The mining process and the re-establishment of the ecological balance of the area after the mining is over is one of the major and important example of the Technology environment paradox in the purview of the green crime in the society. The mining of an area for resource is one of the most important action of mankind which uses the technological innovations and is very important for the sustainable development of the technology in the society today. The mining process of requires deep tunneling process over large areas for a long period of time which greatly affects the ecological biome of the area. This process can be considered a green crime with the use of technology and for the development of technology as it affects the flora and fauna of the area. In most countries after the mining is done a process called the mine site rehabilitation is followed, the mine site rehabilitation is the process, which used the modern technologies for the better restoration of the environment of the area which has been mined along with its flora and fauna. The restoration of the ecological balance of the area using the different technological interventions ascertains the proper restoration of the environmental balance of the areal along which shows the balance of technology and environment on each other. The different philosophies relating to the technology environment paradox management helps in understanding the different issues that the societys perception helps in the acceptance of the technology as an important factor affecting and influencing the different aspects of sustainable development. The different factors affecting the different perspectives of the individuals are based on the different opinions they have about the technology in the society. Technicism is the excessive belief on the benefits of the technology to the society. Technicism is the popular belief system which makes individuals think that they control their entire existence using technology. this accepts green crime as the acceptable cost of development and the technology environment paradox as the costly necessity (Pink White, 2016). Optimism is the general opinion that the technological innovations have a positive impact on the social development. Technological development is opined to be overall good for the sustainable development in the society. in this philosophy the technology environment paradox can be considered ideal for the developed sustainable society and the green crime is tolerated in the lieu of the innovation and development (Williams, Jones Buntting, 2015). Pessimism of technology the opinion where the technology is seen as a barrier and the hinderance to the natural development within a society. the different opinions relating to the various aspects of the pessimism see the technology as threat to the sustainable development as the cognitive development (Webster, 2016). In this opinion the technology environment paradox is favored in the support of environmental development and the green crime is frowned upon as the cause of environmental deterioration. Among the given philosophies optimism has the strongest grounds for the technology environment paradox and the technicism has the weakest. The optimism philosophy can be considered as the strongest support to the given scenarios as it aims towards the acceptance of the positive effects of technology and uses it for the betterment of the overall mankind and the society. In supporting the opinion optimism takes into account the different factors that help in the development of technology and environment in cohesion. Technicism is the weakest opinion in this context as it negates the ill effects of the various green crimes on the environment in favor of technological development. This is considered relatively negative for the different aspects relating to the overall development of the society as it will lead to a number of ill effects on the environment. Technicism is not sustainable for the survival of the human kind and can be considered negative as dependence on it will lead to grad ual downfall of mankind. Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that the different aspects affected by the technology often have an ill effect on the ecological balance of the area. The green crime is of the major issues faced but the society and optimism philosophy along with proper balance between the technology environment paradox is necessary for the survival of the mankind. The sustainable development in the global society of today should focus on the different aspects of the society which will help in its overall development. It is also seen that among other there are a number of different philosophies but adherence to them will harm the mankind as either the environment of the technology will be lost in the long run and both are necessary for human survival. References Cheng-xiao, Z. O. U. (2006). Technology-Environment Paradox" and the Natural Attribute of Technology [J].Science Technology and Dialectics,1. Narula, R. (2014).Globalization and technology: Interdependence, innovation systems and industrial policy. John Wiley Sons. Pink, G., White, R. (2016). Collaboration in Combating Environmental CrimeMaking it Matter. InEnvironmental crime and collaborative state intervention(pp. 3-19). Palgrave Macmillan, London. Stanley, J. (2018). How Propaganda Works, Precis.Philosophy and Phenomenological Research,96(2), 470-474 Webster, M. D. (2016, March). Examining philosophy of technology using grounded theory methods. InForum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research(Vol. 17, No. 2). Williams, P. J., Jones, A., Buntting, C. (Eds.). (2015).The future of technology education. Springer Singapore.

Toefl Sample Test Essay Writing Service

Toefl Sample Test Essay Writing ServiceToefl is an international company based in Newcastle, United Kingdom, whose services range from data management and indexing of legal databases to medical records management. Toefl has a wide range of products, some of which are currently for sale and some in development, but all of which are focused on data management, all the way down to business intelligence, with an emphasis on digitizing medical and other medical records and biomedical applications.I used Toefl Sample Test Essay Writing Service, which was developed by Peter Wood, who is an award-winning author, with a long list of awards from publishers' association. The application is designed to help people who are seeking a paid Toefl Writing Service, but who also have no knowledge of academic writing. This type of free service is available online, as well as in bookstores.This is not a test sample essay for studying for the TOEFL or TOEIC exams. However, even though it isn't a TOEFL or TOEIC test essay, it can still be useful for someone who wants to take the exam.The first thing you need to do is get the Toefl Sample Test Essay Writing Service application. It is a free download, so that anyone who doesn't have a credit card or the time to download the application will be able to use the service. After you download the application, you are ready to get started. Here are the steps you will take to get started.Once you have downloaded the application, click the button in the upper right corner called 'Get Help'. When the window pops up, put in your name and email address, and click the 'Add' button.You should get an email shortly after you download the application, stating that you have been added to the Toefl Sample Test Essay Writing Service. If you don't get one, check your spam folder. When you get the email, just type the word 'help' into the email and hit the send button.To go from someone who doesn't know much about studying for the TOEFL to someone who knows enough to write a sample test essay, you just need to take the online test. That should give you an idea of what's needed to make that TOEFL date.

Année

Differences Between French Pairs Like An/Annà ©e The French word pairs an/annà ©e, jour/journà ©e, matin/matinà ©e, and soir/soirà ©e can be confusing to students because each pair has a single English translation. The important thing to understand is that the difference between the words in each pair has to do with two different ways of considering time. The short words an, jour, matin, and soir (note that they are all masculine) indicate a simple amount of time or division of time. For the purposes of this lesson, well call these division words. Je suis en France depuis deux jours. Ive been in France for two days.Il est fatiguà © ce soir. Hes tired this evening. In comparison, the longer words annà ©e, journà ©e, matinà ©e, and soirà ©e (all feminine) indicate a duration of time, usually stressing the actual length of time. Ill call these duration words. Nous avons travaillà © pendant toute la matinà ©e. We worked all morning.Elle est la premià ¨re de son annà ©e.* Shes the first in her year/class. *Though annà ©e is feminine since it begins with a vowel you have to say son annà ©e (not sa annà ©e) Division Words vs. Duration Words Here are some general rules about when to use division words vs. when to use duration words, as well as some important exceptions. But if you consider them carefully, youll see that the exceptions follow the basic differences outlined above. Use division words with: 1. Numbers, except when you want to emphasize the duration or when the word is modified by an adjective. Un homme de trente ans.   A 30-year-old man.Il est arrivà © il y a deux jours. He arrived two days ago.Dans trois ans, jaurai terminà © mes à ©tudes. In three years, Ill have finished my studies.Jà ©tais en Afrique pendant trois annà ©es, pas deux. I was in Africa for three years, not two.Ils ont passà © sept merveilleuses journà ©es Paris.   They spent seven marvelous days in Paris. 2. Temporal adverbs demain matin tomorrow morningtà ´t le matin early in the morninghier soir last night Use duration words with: 1.de a descriptive noun lannà ©e de base base yearune journà ©e de travail de huit heures an eight-hour workdayles soirà ©es dà ©tà © summer evenings 2. with nearly* all adjectives, including: attributive adjectives lannà ©e scolaire the school year indefinite adjectives certaines annà ©es certain years interrogative adjectives preceded by a preposition en quelle annà ©e in which year possessive adjectives ma journà ©e my day However, note that an/annà ©e is far more flexible than the other pairs; for last year you can say lan dernier or lannà ©e dernià ¨re, next year can be lan prochain or lannà ©e prochaine, etc. Except for demonstrative adjectives, which are used with division words: cet an - cet an que jai và ©cu en France that year - that year that I lived in France (But when talking about the current year, say cette annà ©e - this year.) ce jour - ce jour oà ¹ nous sommes allà ©s au musà ©e this/that day - that day we went to the museumce matin, ce soir this/that morning, this/that evening The indefinite word tout has a different meaning with division vs. duration words; it is an indefinite adjective with division words and an indefinite pronoun with duration words. tous les matins, tous les jours every morning, every day vs. toute la matinà ©e, toute la journà ©e all morning, all day Note that when referring to the day of the week, you need the division word: Quel jour est-on? Quel jour sommes-nous? What day is it?Vendredi est le jour de la fà ªte. Friday is the day of the party.

Definition and Types of Interjections

Definition and Types of Interjections Interjections are words or phrases that express emotions. You might use an interjection to express surprise (Wow!), confusion (Huh?), or outrage (No!). You may use interjections in casual and in creative writing. You should not use interjections in formal writing, like book reports and research papers. You can use a noun, a verb, or an adverb as an interjection. Noun as an interjection: Foolishness! Your dog is not smarter than my dog! Verb as an interjection: Clap! He deserves some applause for that performance. Adverb as an interjection: Nope! You cannot go into that room until I give you permission. What Do Interjections Look Like? One word: Wow!Phrase: I’m shocked! List of Interjections Baloney! I don't agree with that! Cheers! Good tidings! Duh! That makes sense! Eureka! I found it! EEK! That's scary! Get out! I don't believe it! Golly! I'm amazed! Gee! Really? Huh? What was that? Incredible! That's amazing! Jinx! Bad luck! Ka-boom! Bang! Look! See that! My! Oh dear! Never! I hope that never happens. Oops! I've had an accident. Phooey! I don't believe it! Quit! Stop that! Rats! That's not good! Shoot! I don't like that! Tsk tsk! Shame on you! Ugh! Not good! Woot! Hurray! Wow! Amazing

Social Inclusion (SWFS5004) Foundation Degree Assignment

Social Inclusion (SWFS5004) Foundation Degree - Assignment Example More recent scholarly studies reveal that social exclusion is multi-faceted in character. Levitas (1998) thus sees it as a multidimensional concept, dependent on the position of a person or a group of persons in the society. He further notes that every form of societal marginalization can cause social exclusion. Social exclusion is conceptualized via various social processes and aspects of daily life such as economical, cultural, disability, political and organizational just to name a few. In the views of Levitas (1998), social exclusion is the product of an intricate process and definitely not as a result of economical disadvantage alone. Hence, the concept of social exclusion should be thought in the framework of a social organization in which four subsystems namely politics, economics, social/community and family systems are at play (Phillipson et al, 2003). Even though social exclusion is seen as multi-facial, it nevertheless still poses constant problems. Cushing (2003) further observes that the concept of social exclusion is not only multi-faceted in the sense that it is controlled by various social processes, but the idea is also relational. ... Phillipson et al (2003) also observe that exclusion and inclusion form a dynamic phenomenon. This is because within a given society, an individual can be socially excluded or included over a given period of time. For this reason, it is not wise to give all inclusive definition of social exclusion but to employ an approach that identifies deprivation factors (Pierson, 2001). A good example is deprivation of employment. In this approach, social inclusion originates from synergies between various players in local government and services as well as social partners via participation, associations and networking (Silver, 1994). Levitas (1998) observes that exclusion depends on system failures only. Within this viewpoint, social exclusion is viewed on the basis of the hetero-designation of particular groups which are termed as the excluded. Other studies neglect the human potential to build inclusion within one or several everyday spheres according to Massey & Jess (1995). A number of conce rns have been raised regarding self-designation processes, the effects of identity on inclusion as well as exclusion boundaries which may mediate in the said identities. Hence, social exclusion may depend on the role of a person who is socially excluded when he or she can offer nothing to the society in exchange for what society can give back (Phillipson et al, 2003). Moreover, individuals, groups of people and societies can lock themselves off, creating ever higher boundaries by asserting their norms in a strict and rigid style which may, as a result exclude others who do not agree with them or who are not recognized by them (Castles, 2000). There are a number of cases in which religious, political and ethnic causes have resulted

Coursework 1 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

1 - Coursework Example orary issues with the management of the workforce at the domestic level though there are some areas in IHRM that require special focus (Stahl, Bjà ¶rkman, & Morris, 2012). The changing face of business competition at the global level is forcing companies to change their approach to managing human resource at home and abroad. The changes are occurring due to many factors including technological advances, short product life, and high-speed communications (Teerikangas, Stahl, Bjà ¶rkman, & Mendenhall, 2014). In this case, management approach at the international level, for instance, focuses on developing communication systems that ensure that there is a high level of involvement among the employees. Moreover, organisational structures must be flexible to adapt to the ever-changing global economic market (Teerikangas, Stahl, Bjà ¶rkman, & Mendenhall, 2014). The changes in organisational functions compel international human resource managers to possess skills that will enable them meet the goals and objectives of their organisations. Therefore, the changes brought about by globalisation imply that traditional human resource management roles must focus on developing policies to help manage the diverse workforce in terms of culture, race, ethnicity, political affiliations, and religious beliefs (Weber, & Yedidia Tarba, 2012). By definition, international human resource management refers to the set of activities that helps in managing human resources at the international level in order to achieve objectives of an organisation especially gaining competitive advantage over industry competitors both nationally and internationally (Teerikangas, Stahl, GK, Bjà ¶rkman, & Mendenhall, 2014). Therefore, the focus of this paper is to discuss why it is important for international human resource managers to be flexible, good at communicating ideas, problem solvers, and adequately prepared to handle diverse workforce in different environments. Planning is a human resource management

Womens Health Education On Anemia And Its Dangers

Womens Health Education On Anemia And Its Dangers Anemia is a common global public health problem (GPHP) affecting both developing and developed countries with major consequences for human health as well as social and economic development. It occurs at all stages of the life cycle, but is more prevalent in pregnant women and young children in both rich and poor countries. In 2002, iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was considered to be among the most important contributing factors to the global burden of disease (1). Anemia is one of the most common factors complicating pregnancy worldwide specially in the development countries, and Palestine is one among of those countries .In Gaza strip ,an overall prevalence of anemia is more than 35% among pregnant women .most studies have demonstrated adverse effects of anemia to both pregnant women and their offsprings mainly in developing countries due to several factors. The more etiologic factor for anemia among pregnancy being iron and folic acid deficiency(2-4) Anemia is the result of a wide variety of causes that can be isolated, but more often coexist. Globally, the most significant contributor to the onset of anemia is iron deficiency so that IDA and anemia are often used synonymously, and the prevalence of anemia has often been used as a proxy for IDA. It is generally assumed that 50% of the cases of anemia are due to iron deficiency (5), but the proportion may vary among population groups and in different areas according to the local conditions. The main risk factors for IDA include a low intake of iron, poor absorption of iron from diets high in phytate or phenolic compounds, and period of life when iron requirements are especially high (i.e. growth and pregnancy). Among the other causes of anemia, heavy blood loss as a result of menstruation, or parasite infections such as hookworms and ascaris can decrease blood haemoglobin (Hb) concentrations level. Acute and chronic infections, including malaria, HIV, tuberculosis, and cancer can also lower blood Hb concentrations level. The existence of other micronutrient deficiencies, including vitamins A and B12, folate, riboflavin, and copper can increase the risk of anemia. Furthermore, the impact of haemoglobinopathies on anemia prevalence needs to be within some population. Anemia is an indicator of both poor nutrition and poor health. The most dramatic health effects of anemia, i.e., increased risk of maternal and child mortality due to severe anemia (6-8). To tackle the problem of iron deficiency and anemia, WHO recommended the adoption of a multidisciplinary approach tailored to specific circumstances including increased iron intake, public health measures and food versification. Consistent with this strategy, UNRWA implemented a programme for prevention and treatment of iron deficiency anemia. comprising medicinal iron supplementation, fortification of wheat flour distributed to the target groups benefiting from the Agencys regular and emergency food aid programmes, and expanding the use of modern contraceptive methods (3,4). In addition, the negative consequences of IDA on cognitive and physical development of children, and on physical performance particularly work productivity in adults are of major concern (5). Previous studies have shown a very high prevalence of anemia among Palestinian refugees specially among antenatal mothers(3). Hence , it is essential that in Palestine, especially in Gaza strip the women should be aware of anemia to reduce the complication during pregnancy. Objectives of the study 1-To assess the level of awareness and public knowledge of anemia among the Palestinian refugee pregnant women in Gaza strip. 2-To assess if there is a difference between women with and without health education session. 3-To develop a baseline data regarding awareness of anemia among pregnant women for further studies. Scope of the study The study aims to assess the level of public knowledge and awareness of anemia among pregnant women who attended UNRWA health care centers(HCCs) for antenatal care in the middle district of Gaza strip by collecting the information from 164 women from four UNRWA health care centers in Gaza. Hypothesis 1-The Palestinian refugee pregnant women were awareness and had a knowledge of anemia at a medium level . 2-There is a difference between women with and without health education session regarding anemia . Benefits of the study 1-To know the knowledge and awareness regarding anemia among pregnant women living in Gaza strip and who are attending UNRWA health care centers (HCCs) for antenatal care and follow-up. 2-To know if attending health education sessions about anemia affects the knowledge and awareness of women by assessing the women with and without health education sessions about anemia in Gaza strip. Literature review studies To conduct the study, the researcher has reviewed related studies and reports about anemia status among pregnant women attending UNRWA health care centers for antenatal care in Gaza strip. Nutritional survey conducted by UNRWA in (1961,1978 and 1984) Nutrition surveys conducted among the Palestine refugees in 1961, 1978 and 1984 revealed that more than 50 per cent of preschool children 0-3 years of age and women in reproductive age suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Nutritional survey conducted among pregnant women by WHO in (1990) In 1990, a nutrition survey was conducted by the WHO Collaborating Center at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta in four Fields of UNRWAs area of operations, namely Jordan, the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR), Gaza Strip and the West Bank. The survey revealed that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among pregnant women ranged between 31.3% in the first trimester to 58.9% in the third trimester Agency-wide, while the prevalence among children 6-36 months of age ranged between 57.8% in the West Bank and 75.3% in SAR. A new intervention strategy for iron supplementation was then introduced in 1991, which was amended in 1995 placing special emphasis on treatment. Nutritional survey conducted among infants ,preschool children and pregnant women by WHO in (1998) In October 1998, the WHO Collaborating Centre at CDC conducted a nutritional survey in Gaza Strip, the results of which revealed that iron-deficiency anemia was still high among high-risk groups, namely infants, preschool children and pregnant women. A study conducted among pregnant women by UNRWA in (1999) In 1999, UNRWA conducted a study to assess the maternal health programme which revealed inter-alia that the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women was 44.7% in Gaza, 35.5% in the West Bank, 32.1% in Jordan, 28.6% in Lebanon and 27% in Syria. In addition, the study showed that the prevalence of anemia progressively increases during the course of pregnancy as well as with parity. Anemia below 9g/dl constituted 1.4% of pregnant women. This suggests that in spite of the interventions that the Agency had, so far, undertaken, iron-deficiency anemia, still represents a major public health problem. A study conducted among pregnant women, nursing mothers and children 6-36 months by UNRWA during (2004) During 2004, UNRWA conducted a follow-up study to assess the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women, nursing mothers and children 6-36 months of age in order to assess the impact of these strategies on the prevalence among pregnant women, nursing mothers and children. The study revealed that the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women varied from 35.7% in Gaza, to 29.5% in the West Bank, to 25.5% in Lebanon, to 22.4% in Jordan and 16.2% in Syria. Although, the overall prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in all Fields dropped since the last assessment in 1999, these rates are still considered to be high. The reason for this drop could be attributed to the prophylactic iron supplementation which is provided for all pregnant women upon registration. There is a progressive rise in the prevalence of anemia during the course of pregnancy, which confirms that iron intake during pregnancy, does not meet the increased physiological requirements. Another study conducted among children 6-36 months, pregnant women and nursing mothers by UNRWA in (2004) Another study by UNRWA in 2004 on the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among children 6 to 36 months of age, pregnant women and nursing mothers, revealed that anemia in Gaza Strip was fairly high (54.7% among children, 35.7% among pregnant women and 45.7% among nursing mothers. The corresponding rates in the West Bank were 34.3% among children, 29.5% among pregnant women and 23.1% among nursing mothers). The high prevalence of anemia for many children may cause permanent negative effects on their physical and mental development. It is worth mentioning that the prevalence of anemia among infants 6 to 12 months of age reached 75% in Gaza(9). CHAPTER 2 BACKGROUND Definition of anemia Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or in the total hemoglobin levels in the blood due to lack of sufficient iron (10,11).more specifically , it means lack in the concentration of hemoglobin, red blood cell volume, or red blood cell (RBCs) number(12). Normally hemoglobin carries oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues, anemia leads to hypoxia which means lack of oxygen in the blood .There are three main types of anemia which include : 1- Excessive blood loss such as bleeding 2-Excessive blood cell destruction 3-Insufficient red blood cell production within the human body (13). Signs and symptoms of anemia The signs and symptoms of anemia can be related to the anemia itself, or other causes and the women may experience these symptoms differently : In common cases, most women with anemia has a non-specific symptoms such as weakness, or fatigue, general malaise and sometimes poor concentration. In addition, the signs may include abnormal pallor or lack color of the skin, and nail beds upon clinical examination is performed . In severe cases of anemia, there may be signs of circulation disturbances such as tachycardia, and cardiac enlargement. There may be signs of heart failure. and restless legs syndrome is more common in those with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients . Swelling of both legs, arms, vomiting, chronic heartburn, and bloody stool may appear in rare cases(14). mhtml:file://C:Documents%20and%20SettingsMARWANMy%20DocumentsAnemia%20-%20Wikipedia,%20the%20free%20encyclopedia.mht!http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Symptoms_of_anemia.png/260px-Symptoms_of_anemia.png Main symptoms that may appear in anemia (14) Diagnosis of anemia In general, In the first time of diagnosis of anemia a simple blood test is ordered by the physician called complete blood counts (CBC ) .Another blood tests can be ordered is examination of a stained blood smear (SBS) by a microscope which could be helpful in the diagnosis of anemia, and sometimes it will be necessary in some countries internationally where automated analysis is not easily accessible. Usually and commonly four blood components are ordered and measured consists of hemoglobin concentration , RBC count, RDW and MCV, allowing others (hematocrit, MCH and MCHC) to be calculated, and to be compared to values according to age and sex. Some counters measurement estimate hematocrit level (Hct) from direct measurements in the same time (15). Table 2.1 WHOs Hemoglobin thresholds used to define anemia (1 g/Dl = 0.6206  mmol/L)(15) Age or gender group Hb threshold (g/dl) Hb threshold (mmol/l) Children (0.5-5.0 yrs) 11,0 6,8 Children (5-12 yrs) 11,5 7,1 Children (12-15 yrs) 12,0 7,4 Women, non-pregnant (>15yrs) 12,0 7,4 Women, pregnant 11,0 6,8 Men (>15yrs) 13,0 8,1 Anemia during pregnancy Anemia in pregnancy is defined as hemoglobin level less than (11g/dl ) or hematocrit level less than (33%) (16). It aggravates the effects of maternal blood loss and infections at childbirth, and is associated with increased maternal mortality and morbidity(17,18). iron deficiency is usually considered as the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy (16). Anemia occurs when the number of red blood cells are very low under the normal level . Red blood cells are very important blood component because they carry oxygen from lungs to all body organs. Without sufficient amount of oxygen, the body cannot work as well as it should. Anemia can affect any individual, but women are at greater risk for this condition. In women, iron and red blood cells are lost when bleeding or hemorrhage occurs from very heavy or long periods (menstruation). Anemia is common among pregnant women because a woman needs to have adequate red blood cells to carry oxygen to women body and to her baby. So its important for women to prevent anemia before, during and after pregnancy. Women will probably be tested for anemia regularly at least twice during pregnancy: during the first prenatal visit and then again between 24 and 28 weeks(19). Anemia is a condition of less red blood cells, or a lack ability of the red blood cells to carry oxygen or iron in the blood. Tissue enzymes dependent on iron in the blood can affect cell function in the body mainly in muscles and nerves .then the fetus is dependent on the mothers blood and anemia can cause problems before and after pregnancy such as preterm birth, poor fetal growth , and low birth weight(20). Main causes of anemia during pregnancy Iron deficiency anemia Women often become anemic during pregnancy because the demand for iron and other vitamins is increased. The mother must increase her production of red blood cells and, in addition, the foetus and placenta need their own supply of iron, which can only be obtained from the mother. In order to have enough red blood cells for the foetus, the body starts to produce more red blood cells and plasma. It has been calculated that the blood volume increases approximately 50 per cent during the pregnancy, although the plasma amount is disproportionately greater. This causes a dilution of the blood, making the hemoglobin concentration fall. This is a normal process, with the hemoglobin concentration at its lowest between weeks 25 and 30. The pregnant woman may need additional iron supplementation, and a blood test called serum ferritin is the best way of monitoring this(21). Illness or Disease Some women may have an illness that causes anemia. Diseases such as sickle cell anemia or thalassemia affect the quality and number of red blood cells the body produces. If you have a disease that causes anemia, talk with your health provider about how to treat anemia(22). Types of anemia in pregnancy There are several types of anemia that may occur during pregnancy: Iron deficiency anemia This is the most common type of anemia during pregnancy. It is known as the lack of iron in the blood, which is essential to produce hemoglobin the part of blood that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and many organs in the body. Good nutrition system to the women before becoming pregnant is very important to help build up these stores and prevent iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy period. Blood loss Blood loss at delivery and after delivery (postpartum) can also cause anemia. The average blood loss with a vaginal birth is about 500 milliliters, and about 1,000 milliliters with a cesarean delivery. Sufficient iron stores can help a woman replace lost red blood cells during delivery. Vitamin B12 deficiency Vitamin B12 is essential in forming red blood cells (RBCs) and in protein synthesis. Women who eat no animal products (vegans) are commonly most likely to develop vitamin B12 deficiency. Including animal foods in the diet such as meats, milk, eggs, and poultry can prevent vitamin B12 deficiency. Very severe vegans usually need supplemental vitamin B12 which usually administered by injection during pregnancy. Folic acid deficiency Folic acid, is a B-vitamin that works with iron to help with cell development and growth. Folic acid deficiency in pregnancy is most commonly associated with iron deficiency since both folic acid and iron are found in the same types of nutrition. Several Studies revealed that folic acid is necessary for women during pregnancy ,this maybe because folic acid help reduce the risk of having congenital baby with certain birth defects of the brain and spinal cord if taken by the women before conception and in early pregnancy (20). Symptoms of anemia during pregnancy Women with anemia during pregnancy may not have obvious symptoms unless the cell counts are very low. The following are the most common symptoms of anemia that may occur in pregnancy. However, each woman may experience symptoms differently. Symptoms may include: pale skin, ,nails, lips, palms of hands labored breathing underside of the eyelids vertigo or dizziness fatigue rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) The symptoms of anemia may similar other conditions or medical problems .So you should always consult your physician for a diagnosis and treatment(20). Diagnosing of anemia during pregnancy Depending on clinical symptoms, anemia is usually discovered during antenatal screening specially in the first visit of pregnant women to the antenatal care clinics for antenatal care and follow up. Normally ,Blood tests are usually measured on the first visit to antenatal health center, and again during pregnancy . A description of Hemoglobin(Hbs) ,red blood cells (RBCs) and their different components will be included in the blood test result. Possible complications of anemia and iron deficiency anemia during pregnancy There are several possible complications may occur during pregnancy which threats women health such as: Breathing difficulty, palpitations and angina. Severe anemia due to hemorrhage or loss of blood after the delivery. In this condition, the woman may be advised to have a blood transfusion as soon as possible (21). Severe anemia related to any reason may lead to hypoxemia and enhances the occurrence of coronary insufficiency and myocardial ischemia. (23). In women with severe iron deficiency, disturbances in function of epithelial tissue is usually occurred . Atrophy of the lingual papillae in the tongue may occur and show a glossy appearance. Also , angular stomatitis may develop associated with fissures at the corners of the mouth. The occurrance of dysphagia may appear with hard diets. Atrophic gastritis occurs in cases of iron deficiency with progressive lack of stomach enzymes production such as loss of acid secretion, pepsin, and intrinsic factor and development of an antibody to gastric parietal cells. Cold intolerance occurs in some cases with chronic iron deficiency anemia and is characterized by neurologic pain , vasomotor disturbances, or tingling and numbness. In rare conditions, severe iron deficiency anemia is associated with increased intracranial pressure. These symptoms can be treated with iron therapy. Impaired immune function is shown in cases with iron deficiency. Moreover, there are reports revealed that those patients are at high risk to develop infection (23). Treatment for anemia in pregnancy Specific treatment for anemia will be identified prescribed by physician based on: Your pregnancy status Overall health, and medical history Extent of the disease Your tolerance for specific medications, or procedures Expectations for the course of the disease Your opinion or preference Treatment of anemia depends on the type and severity of anemia. In cases of iron deficiency anemia treatment includes iron supplements therapy. Some forms are time-released, while others must be taken several times every day. Having iron supplements with a citrus juice can be help with the absorption into the body. Taking antacids may decrease absorption of iron in the blood. There are side effects may occurs when taking Iron supplements such as nausea and stools become dark greenish or black in color. In addition , Constipation may also occur with iron supplements. Prevention of anemia in pregnancy Anemia can be prevented during pregnancy with following a good pre-pregnancy nutrition system not only helps in preventing anemia, but also helps in building other nutritional stores in the mothers body. Having a healthy and balanced diet with essential products of food during pregnancy helps maintain the iron levels and other necessary nutrients needed for the mother health and growing her baby(20). Women education It is important for the public health officials in the geographical regions in which the iron deficiency is prevalent need to be more aware of the significance of iron deficiency, its effect on work performance and activities, and the importance of giving iron supplements during pregnancy and childhood. Moreover, Addition of iron to basic foodstuffs usually employed to solve this problem (24). CHAPTER 3 Women health in Palestine Womens Health Palestinian women have a fundamental right to enjoy the highest possible levels of health and quality of life. MOH works towards the improvement of their health during all phases of lives with wide participation with other key health providers as UNRWA and NGOs. Indicators value Indicators value % of women of child bearing age of total pop 22.3 Prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in MOH 35.7 Total fertility rate (5.8 in GS and 4.1 in WB) 4.6 T.T. immunization coverage among newly pregnant women in MOH (99.1 in UNRWA) (%) 42.4 Maternal mortality ratio per 100,000 live birth 15.4 % of children received breastfeeding 95.6 % of pregnant women attended antenatal care out of total live births 96.5 Mean duration of breastfeeding (months) 10.9 The number of visits paid per pregnant woman in MOH (7.6 in UNRWA) 5.5 Contraceptive prevalence rate (43 in GS, 55.1 in WB) 50.6 % of deliveries in health institution 97 % of IUDs used of total contraceptive methods 32 % of deliveries in home (0.4 in GS, 5.5 in WB) 3.2 % of pills used of total contraceptive methods 38.7 Prevalence of anemia among nursing mother in UNRWA 45.7 Antenatal care services Antenatal care is an essential part of modern health care; such care is every womans right. Health providers must pay serious attention to the health of the pregnant woman and her fetus. In Palestine there are four health sectors providing maternal care; the MOH, UNRWA, the NGOs and the private doctors. There are 353 MCH clinics in MOH and 53 clinics in UNRWA providing antenatal care. The number of visits paid per pregnant woman was 5.5 in Palestine (6.5 in GS and 4.8 in WB). In UNRWA, it was reported at 7.6 visits per pregnant women in Gaza Strip, the percent of women who paid 7-9 visits was 47.5%. According to DHS in 2005, Data showed that 96.5% of women aged 15-49 years received antenatal care in Palestine. There is direct relationship between education level and receipt of antenatal care; women who did not receive antenatal care were more likely to be less educated more than women who received antenatal care. In addition, access to antenatal care decreased with parity, with fewer women accessing antenatal care for their 4th pregnancy or more. High risk pregnancy services Certain conditions or characteristics, called risk factors, make a pregnancy high risk and woman or baby is more likely to become ill or die than usual. Doctors identify these factors and use a scoring system to determine the degree of risk for a particular woman. Identifying high-risk pregnancies ensures that women who most need special medical care. The high-risk program has been implemented in 26 referral governmental clinics in the Gaza Strip and 18 MCH clinics in UNRWA. The percentage of newly pregnant women visits with high-risk pregnancy was 14% of total newly pregnant women in MOH (17.8% in the GS and 11.6% in the WB). The number of visits paid per high-risk pregnant women was 5.2 visits. In UNRWA, the percentage of newly pregnant women visit at high risk and alert pregnancy was 44% from total antenatal visits of newly pregnant women. Out of the total, 40% paid 3-4 visits and 47.7% paid 7-9 visits. During home visit program in Gaza Strip, the factors associated with high risk pregnancy were as shown in the following table; taking in consideration that one woman may have more than one complication: Table 3.1 factors associated with high risk pregnancy Factors Percent % Anemia 48.8 Multipara 27.5 Primapara 25.4 Previous CS 21.6 Hypertention 16 Diabetes 5.5 Pre-eclamptic 2.1 Others 6 Tetanus toxoid immunization The vaccination for pregnant women is taken based on MOH protocol during the first antenatal visit. Immunization coverage among newly pregnant women was 42.4% (25.2% in WB and 64.1% in Gs). In UNRWA, out of total (11,100) pregnant women of 20 weeks and over of gestation, the vaccinated pregnant women were 11,005 with a coverage rate of 99.1% (25) . Anemia among women in Palestine WHO define anemia as Hb is less than 11 gm/dl. The percentage of anemic mothers whom visited the governmental MCH for antenatal care was 38.5% (27.2%in the GS and 50% in the WB) .During study conducted in UNRWA in the year 2005, the prevalence rate of anemia among pregnant women was 35.7% and 45.7% among nursing mothers visited UNRWA-PHC centers for antenatal services in the Gaza Strip. During home visits program which are conducted by Womens Health and development Directorate in MOH, Hemoglobin (HB) has been examined for 1,950 visited mothers after delivery in Shifa as 38.5% (27.2%in the GS and 50% in the WB). During home visits program which are conducted by Womens Health and development Directorate in MOH, Hemoglobin (HB) has been examined for 1,950 visited mothers after delivery in Shifa hospital especially those at high-risk pregnancy or who has complication/s during delivery. The results indicated that 61.6% of women were anemic. Out of the total women, HB was diagnosed 10 gm/d l 11 gm/dl among 38.4% of visited women. Ferrous sulfate and folic acid as a tonic is distributed for pregnant women and children under 3 years in MOH and UNRWA centers free of charge (25) . Table 3.2 Prevalence rate of anemia among women visited UNRWA-PHC centers in Gaza Strip, 2005 Pregnant women Nursing mothers Samples HBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹11gm/dl % Samples HBà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¹12gm/dl 920 328 35.7 810 370 CHAPTER 4 METHODOLOGY Study design A cross-sectional study design was conducted during August,2009 in order to assess awareness among pregnant women attending UNRWA health care centers for antenatal care , based on health clinics of UNRWA in Gaza strip. Target population All pregnant women who was registered at UNRWA clinics ,both old and new ,who attended for antenatal care during August,2009 in Gaza strip . Sample size A total of 164 women from UNRWA clinics in the middle region of Gaza strip were selected randomly to participate in the survey taking into account the distribution of population in each area to represent the study population fairly. The sample size was calculated by assuming a 95% confidence interval and sampling error no more than (5%) using Yamane formula (1967:886) as follows: Where n is the sample size N is the population e is the sampling error rate (5%) Instrument of the study The instrument used in this study was questionnaire which created to cover the objectives of the study .the questionnaire included four divisions . 1st division: The question is about socio-demographical data of the women including age, educational level, occupation, number of children, economical status and attending health education session .the questions in this division were closed-ended and open-ended. 2nd division: The questions is about knowledge and awareness of women regarding anemia concept ,nutrition ,iron supplements ,and the tea with meals. The questions included 3 choices (completely agree, partially agree and disagree). 3rd division: The questions about opinions and attitudes of women regarding anemia .It included 3 choices (completely agree, partially agree and disagree). 4th division: The questions about health education session regarding anemia. It included 3 choices (completely agree, partially agree and disagree). Data collection Data was collected using the structured questionnaire as a tool to collect data from the samples of study by individual interview performed by the researcher and with assistant of staff in UNRWA clinics who has the experience in data collection and methodology. data analysis After data collection ,the questionnaires were collected and the data was entered to computer software for processing and analysis. the programme used for analysis is (SPSS) statistical package for social sciences software version 15. Ethical consideration Clearance and permission was obtained from Chief Field Health Section of UNRWA in Gaza strip in order to conduct questionnaires survey among refugees pregnant women who attended UNRWA clinics for antenatal care and follow-up in Gaza strip. In addition, the permission was taken from the head of UNRWA clinics and also oral permission was obtained from the women who participated in the survey. CHAPTER 5 RESULTS The current study aimed to assess the awareness of anemia among pregnant women who attended UNRWA clinics for antenatal care. Table 6.1 Age distribution of pregnant women Percent Frequency Age groups (years) 8.5 % 14 Less than 20 34.8 % 57 20 -25 25 % 41 26-30 31.7 % 52 More than 30 100 % 164 Total Table 1.6 shows that most (34.8%) of parti